Annual Report 2006

Group financial statements

Section B: Summary of results

B1: Supplementary analysis of profit from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders

This information is provided as supplementary information under the Group’s accounting policies. It is not required by IFRS standards.

2006
£m
2005
£m
UK operations
UK insurance operations (note ii) 500 400
M&G 204 163
Egg (145) 44
Total 559 607
US operations
Jackson (notes ii and iii) 398 348
Broker-dealer and fund management (including Curian losses of £8m (2005: £10m)) 10 14
Total 408 362
Asian operations
Long-term business (note ii) 189 195
Fund management (note iv) 50 12
Development expenses (15) (20)
Total 224 187
Other income and expenditure
Investment return and other income 58 87
Interest payable on core structural borrowings (177) (175)
Corporate expenditure:
Group Head Office (83) (70)
Asia Regional Head Office (36) (30)
Charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes (note viii) (10) (11)
Total (248) (199)
UK restructuring costs (note ix) (50)
Operating profit from continuing operations based on longer-term investment returns (note i) 893 957
Goodwill impairment charge (note v) (120)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business (note vi) 162 211
Shareholders’ share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes (note vii) 167 (50)
Profit from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders 1,222 998

Notes
(i) Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is a supplemental measure of results. For the purposes of measuring operating profit, investment returns on shareholder-financed business are based on expected long-term rates of return. The expected long-term rates of return are intended to reflect historical real rates of return and, where appropriate, current inflation expectations adjusted for consensus economic and investment forecasts. The significant operations that require adjustment for the difference between actual and long-term investment returns are Jackson and certain businesses of the Group’s Asian operations. The amounts included in operating results for long-term capital returns for debt securities comprise two components. These are a risk margin reserve based charge for expected defaults, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio, and amortisation of interest-related gains and losses for operating results based on longer-term results to the date when sold bonds would otherwise have matured.

(ii) Effect of changes to assumptions, estimates and bases of determining life assurance liabilities
The results of the Group’s long-term business operations are affected by changes of assumptions and bases of preparation. These are described in notes D2(f), D3(f) and D4(f). In particular, the operating result for UK insurance operations for 2006 has benefited from a credit of £46 million due to altered regulatory requirements, as explained in note D2(f), whilst the operating result for Asian long-term business in 2005 benefited by a net of £52 million for changes in Singapore and Taiwan as described in note D4(f).

(iii) Jackson – Summary of operating results
(a) IFRS basis operating profits include the following longer-term investment returns (net of related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs)

2006
£m
2005
£m
Longer-term returns on debt securities:
Amortisation of interest-related gains (net of related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) 38 46
Risk margin reserve charge in respect of credit-related losses (net of related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) (note b) (44) (45)
Total (6) 1
Longer-term returns on equity type investments 45 38


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(b) The risk margin reserve (RMR) charge for 2006 is based on an average annual RMR of 23 basis points (2005: 24 basis points) on a book value of US$43.9bn (2005: US$43.3bn)

(iv) Asian fund management business
Operating profit for the Asian fund management business of £12 million for 2005 was determined after an exceptional cost of £16 million incurred in Taiwan due to bond fund restructuring required as a result of industry-wide regulatory change.

(v) Goodwill impairment charge
The charge for goodwill impairment of £120 million in 2005 related to the Japan life business. There was no impairment charge for goodwill in 2006. Further details of the Group’s goodwill are shown in notes H1 and H2.

(vi) Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business
The fluctuations arise as follows:

2006
£m
2005
£m
US operations:
Movements in market value of derivatives (other than equity-based) used for economic hedging purposes 34 122
Actual less longer-term investment returns for other items 20 56
Asian operations 134 32
Other operations (26) 1
162 211

(vii) Shareholders’ share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

2006
£m
2005
£m
Actuarial gains and losses
Actual less expected return on scheme assets 156 544
Experience gains on liabilities 18 1
Gains (losses) on changes of assumptions for scheme liabilities 311 (489)
485 56
Less: amount attributable to the PAC with-profits sub-fund (318) (58)
167 (2)
Non-recurrent credit (charge)
Shareholders' share of credit arising from reduction in level of assumed future discretionary increases for Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS) for pensions in payment to 2.5% 35
Losses on re-estimation of shareholders’ share of deficits arising from the PSPS (a) (63)
Strengthening in actuarial provisions for increase in ongoing contributions for future service of active scheme members (b) (20)
(48)
Total 167 (50)

(a) Up to 31 December 2004, the deficits arising on the PSPS had been assessed as being 80 per cent attributable to the PAC with-profits fund and 20 per cent to shareholder operations. In 2005, following additional analysis this apportionment was altered so that a ratio of 70/30 was applied to the PSPS deficit at 31 December 2005. For 2006, the opening deficit of the PSPS scheme has been allocated in the ratios 70/30 between the with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations. The ratio has continued to be applied to movements in the financial position that relate to opening assets and liabilities. However, the service charge and contributions for ongoing service are allocated by reference to the cost allocation for current business.

(b) As a result of the April 2005 scheme valuation and subsequent discussions, the contribution levels for future ongoing service of active members were approximately doubled. The charge of £20 million in 2005 reflected the actuarial provision for this increase in expenses for certain insurance contracts.

Further details on the Group’s defined benefit pension schemes are shown in note I1.

(viii) Share-based payments
The charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes is for the SAYE and Group performance-related schemes.

(ix) UK restructuring costs are allocated as follows:


£m
UK insurance operations 31
M&G 2
Egg 12
Unallocated corporate 5
50

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B2: Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year, excluding those held in employee share trusts, which are treated as cancelled.

For diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Group’s only class of dilutive potential ordinary shares are those share options granted to employees where the exercise price is less than the average market price of the Company’s ordinary shares during the year.

2006 Before tax
(note B1)
£m
Tax
(note F5)
£m
Minority
interests
£m
Net of tax
and minority
interests
£m
Basic
earnings
per share
Pence
Diluted
earnings
per share
Pence
Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 893 (257) 1 637 26.4p 26.4p
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business 162 (40) (2) 120 5.0p 5.0p
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes 167 (50) 117 4.8p 4.8p
Based on profit for the year 1,222 (347) (1) 874 36.2p 36.2p

2005 Before tax
(note B1)
£m
Tax
(note F5)
£m
Minority
interests
£m
Net of tax
and minority
interests
£m
Basic
earnings
per share
Pence
Diluted
earnings
per share
Pence
Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 957 (186) (10) 761 32.2p 32.2p
Adjustments arising from:
Goodwill impairment charge (120) (120) (5.1)p (5.1)p
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business 211 (70) (2) 139 5.9p 5.9p
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes (50) 15 (35) (1.5)p (1.5)p
Based on profit for the year from continuing operations 998 (241) (12) 745 31.5p 31.5p
Adjustment for post-tax results of discontinued operations 3 0 0 2 0.1p 0.1p
Based on profit for the year 1,001 (241) (12) 748 31.6p 31.6p


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Number of shares

A reconciliation of the weighted average number of ordinary shares used for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share is set out as below:

2006
(millions)
2005
(millions)
Weighted average shares for calculation of basic earnings per share 2,413 2,365
Shares under option at end of year 10 13
Number of shares that would have been issued at fair value on assumed option exercise (7) (9)
Weighted average shares for calculation of diluted earnings per share 2,416 2,369


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B3: Dividends

2006
£m
2005
£m
Dividends declared and paid in reporting period
Parent company:
Interim dividend (2006: 5.42p, 2005: 5.30p per share) 131 126
Final dividend for prior period (2005: 11.02p, 2004: 10.65p per share) 267 252
Subsidiary company payment to minority interests 1 2
Total 399 380

As a result of shares issued in lieu of dividends of £76 million (2005: £52 million), dividends paid in cash, as set out in the consolidated cash flow statement, were £323 million (2005: £328 million).


2006
£m
2005
£m
Parent company dividends relating to reporting period:
Interim dividend (2006: 5.42p, 2005: 5.30p per share) 131 126
Final dividend (2006: 11.72p, 2005: 11.02p per share) 287 267
Total 418 393

A final dividend of 11.72 pence per share was proposed by the directors on 14 March 2007. Subject to shareholders’ approval, the dividend will be paid on 22 May 2007 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 13 April 2007. The dividend will absorb an estimated £287 million of shareholders’ funds. A scrip dividend alternative will be offered to shareholders.


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B4: New business

Insurance products and investment products*

Insurance products
gross premiums
Investment products
gross inflows
Total
2006
£m
2005
£m
2006
£m
2005
£m
2006
£m
2005
£m
UK operations 7,192 7,193 13,486 7,916 20,678 15,109
US operations 5,981 5,023 5,981 5,023
Asian operations 1,921 1,485 20,408 18,457 22,329 19,942
Group total 15,094 13,701 33,894 26,373 48,988 40,074


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Insurance products and investment products*

Single Regular Annual premium and contribution equivalents
2006
£m
2005
£m
2006
£m
2005
£m
2006
£m
2005
£m
UK insurance operations
Direct to customer
Individual annuities 816 720 82 72
Individual pensions and life 60 29 9 11 15 14
Department of Work and Pensions rebate business 161 244 16 24
Total 1,037 993 9 11 113 110
Business to business
Corporate pensions 536 242 162 146 216 170
Individual annuities 264 212 26 21
Bulk annuities 85 511 8 51
Total 885 965 162 146 250 242
Intermediated distribution
Life 961 1,112 5 6 101 118
Individual annuities 919 995 92 100
Individual and corporate pensions 130 108 22 25 35 36
Total 2,010 2,215 27 31 228 254
Partnerships
Life 840 814 3 3 87 84
Individual and bulk annuities:
Bulk annuity reinsurance from the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund* 560 56
Individual and other bulk annuities 1,500 1,814 150 182
Total 2,900 2,628 3 3 293 266
Europe
Life 159 201 16 20
Total UK insurance operations 6,991 7,002 201 191 900 892
US operations
Fixed annuities 688 788 69 79
Fixed index annuities 554 616 55 62
Variable annuities 3,819 2,605 382 261
Life 8 11 17 14 18 15
Guaranteed investment contracts 458 355 46 35
GIC – Medium Term Notes 437 634 44 63
Total US operations 5,964 5,009 17 14 614 515
Asian operations
China 27 17 36 23 39 25
Hong Kong 355 289 103 83 139 112
India (Group’s 26% interest) 20 4 105 57 107 57
Indonesia 31 42 71 42 74 46
Japan 68 30 7 4 14 7
Korea 103 29 208 132 218 135
Malaysia 4 9 72 66 72 67
Singapore 357 284 72 58 108 86
Taiwan 92 124 139 150 148 162
Other 15 9 36 33 37 34
Total Asian operations 1,072 837 849 648 956 731
Group total 14,027 12,848 1,067 853 2,470 2,138


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Investment products – funds under management*

2006 1 Jan 2006
£m
Gross
inflows
£m
Redemptions
£m
Market
and other
movements
£m
31 Dec 2006
£m
UK operations 36,196 13,486 (7,385) 2,649 44,946
Asian operations 10,132 20,408 (17,876) (411) 12,253
Group total 46,328 33,894 (25,261) 2,238 57,199


2005 1 Jan 2005
£m
Gross
inflows
£m
Redemptions
£m
Market
and other
movements
£m
31 Dec 2005
£m
UK operations 28,705 7,916 (4,054) 3,629 36,196
Asian operations 8,538 18,457 (17,876) 267 10,132
Group total 37,243 26,373 (21,184) 3,896 46,328

*The format of the tables shown above is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment products as applied for previous financial reporting periods. With the exception of some US institutional business, products categorised as ‘insurance’ refer to those classified as contracts of long-term insurance business for regulatory reporting purposes, i.e. falling within one of the classes of insurance specified in part II of Schedule 1 to the Regulated Activities Order under FSA regulations.

Annual premium and contribution equivalents are calculated as the aggregate of regular new business amounts and one-tenth of single new business amounts.

The tables shown above are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the reporting period that have the potential to generate profits for shareholders. The amounts shown are not, and not intended to be, reflective of premium income recorded in the IFRS income statement.

The tables above include a bulk annuity transaction with the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF) with a premium of £560 million. The transaction reflects the arrangement entered into in June 2006 for the reinsurance of non-profit immediate pension annuity liabilities of SAIF to Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL), a shareholder-owned subsidiary of the Group. SAIF is a closed ring-fenced sub-fund of the PAC long-term fund established by a Court approved Scheme of Arrangement in October 1997, which is solely for the benefit of SAIF policyholders. Shareholders have no interest in the profits of this fund, although they are entitled to investment management fees on this business. The inclusion of the transaction between SAIF and PRIL as new business in the tables reflects the transfer from SAIF to Prudential shareholders’ funds of longevity risk, the requirement to set aside supporting capital, and entitlement to surpluses arising on this block of business from the reinsurance arrangement. For Group reporting purposes the amounts recorded by SAIF and PRIL for the premium are eliminated on consolidation.

The details shown above for insurance products include contributions for contracts that are classified under IFRS 4 ‘Insurance Contracts’ as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS. Contracts included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK insurance operations and Guaranteed Investment Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US operations.

New business premiums for regular premium products are shown on an annualised basis. Department of Work and Pensions rebate business is classified as single recurrent business. Internal vesting business is classified as new business where the contracts include an open market option.

UK and Asian investment products referred to in the table for funds under management above are unit trust, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as ‘investment contracts’ under IFRS 4, as described in the preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business. US investment products are no longer included in the table above as they are assets under administration rather than funds under management.

In previous periods new business premiums for intermediated distribution of UK insurance operations have included Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) rebate business for SAIF. As shareholders have no interest in SAIF, these are now excluded from the table above with comparatives restated accordingly. The amounts of new SAIF DWP rebate business written were £60 million for 2006, and £83 million for 2005.

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B5: Group balance sheet

The Group’s primary reporting segments are long-term business, banking, and broker-dealer and fund management. The Group’s secondary reporting segments are geographical namely the UK, the US, and Asia. Details of disclosures in accordance with the requirements of IAS 14 for segment assets and liabilities are shown below.

Details of the primary reporting segments are as follows:

Long-term business

This segment comprises long-term products that contain both a significant and insignificant element of insurance risk. The products are managed together and not classified in this way other than for accounting purposes. This segment also includes activity of the PAC withprofits funds’ venture investments managed by PPM Capital and other investment subsidiaries held for the purpose of supporting the Group’s long-term business operations.

Banking

This segment consists of products provided by the Group’s online banking subsidiary, Egg. The nature of these products and the managing of the business differ from the risks inherent in the other business segments, and the regulatory environment of the banking industry differs from that of the other business segments. Note I8 includes details of the agreement in January 2007 to sell Egg Banking plc.

Broker-dealer and fund management

The investment management segment is comprised of both internal and third-party asset management services, inclusive of portfolio and mutual fund management, where the Group acts as an advisor, and broker-dealer activities. The nature of the products and the managing of the business differ from the risks inherent in the other business segments, and the regulatory environment of the investment management industry differs from that of the other business segments.

2006 Long-term
business
£m
Banking
£m
Broker-dealer
and fund
management
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Total
£m
Consolidated total assets 201,937 9,498 5,564 3,672 (4,151) 216,520
Consolidated total liabilities (196,651) (9,206) (3,922) (5,272) 4,151 (210,900)

Segment assets by geographical segment
UK 165,103
US 39,695
Asia 15,873
Intra-group eliminations (4,151)
Total assets per balance sheet 216,520

2005 Long-term
business
£m
Banking
£m
Broker-dealer
and fund
management
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Total
£m
Consolidated total assets 192,944 10,752 3,208 2,768 (2,236) 207,436
Consolidated total liabilities (187,662) (10,374) (1,597) (4,673) 2,236 (202,070)

Segment assets by geographical segment
UK 154,900
US 41,700
Asia 13,072
Intra-group eliminations (2,236)
Total assets per balance sheet 207,436

To explain more comprehensively the assets, liabilities and capital of the Group’s businesses it is appropriate to provide an analysis of the Group’s balance sheet by a mixture of primary and secondary segments.

This analysis is shown below for the Group balance sheet at 31 December 2006.

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UK insurance
operations
(note D2)
£m
M&G
£m
Egg
(note E)
£m
Total UK
operations
£m
US
operations
(note D3)
£m
Asian
operations
(note D4)
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Group
total
£m
Assets
Intangible assets attributable to
shareholders:
Goodwill 1,153 1,153 16 172 1,341
Deferred acquisition costs and acquired in-force value of long-term business contracts 167 6 173 1,712 612 2,497
Total 167 1,159 1,326 1,728 784 3,838
Intangible assets attributable to
PAC with-profits fund:
In respect of acquired venture fund investment subsidiaries 830 830 830
Deferred acquisition costs 31 31 31
861 861 861
Total (notes H1 and H2) 1,028 1,159 2,187 1,728 784 4,699
Other non-investment and non-cash assets (notes G1 and H3 to H6) 4,733 278 342 5,353 1,671 656 2,917 (4,151) 6,446
Investments of long-term business, banking and other operations (notes G1,H7 and H8) 138,537 2,904 8,247 149,688 36,164 13,749 240 199,841
Held for sale assets (note H9) 463 463 463
Cash and cash equivalents (note H10) 1,979 852 909 3,740 132 684 515 5,071
Total assets 146,740 5,193 9,498 161,431 39,695 15,873 3,672 (4,151) 216,520


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UK insurance
operations
(note D2)
£m
M&G
£m
Egg
(note E)
£m
Total UK
operations
£m
US
operations
(note D3)
£m
Asian
operations
(note D4)
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Group
total
£m
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders’ equity (note H11) 1,263 1,383 292 2,938 2,713 1,437 (1,600) 5,488
Minority interests 79 52 131 1 132
Total equity 1,342 1,435 292 3,069 2,714 1,437 (1,600) 5,620
Liabilities
Banking customer accounts (note G1) 5,554 5,554 5,554
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
Insurance contract liabilities (note H12) 80,323 80,323 30,184 12,706 123,213
Investment contract liabilities with discretionary participation features (note G1) 28,665 28,665 68 28,733
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features (note G1) 11,453 11,453 1,562 27 13,042
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of ‘realistic' basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds (notes D2(d)(ii) and H12) 13,511 13,511 88 13,599
Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds 133,952 133,952 31,746 12,889 178,587
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations (note H13):
Subordinated debt (other than Egg) 1,538 1,538
Other 127 947 1,074
127 2,485 2,612
Egg subordinated debt (note H13) 451 451 451
Total 451 451 127 2,485 3,063
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations (notes G1 and H13) 11 4 2,819 2,834 743 2,032 5,609
Borrowings attributable to with-profits funds (notes G1 and H13) 1,776 1,776 1,776
Other non-insurance liabilities (notes G1, H4, H9, H14 and H15) 9,659 3,754 382 13,795 4,365 1,547 755 (4,151) 16,311
Total liabilities 145,398 3,758 9,206 158,362 36,981 14,436 5,272 (4,151) 210,900
Total equity and liabilities 146,740 5,193 9,498 161,431 39,695 15,873 3,672 (4,151) 216,520

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UK insurance
operations
(note D2)
£m
M&G
£m
Egg
(note E)
£m
Total UK
operations
£m
US
operations
(note D3)
£m
Asian
operations
(note D4)
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Group
total
£m
Assets
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
Goodwill 1,153 1,153 16 172 1,341
Deferred acquisition costs and acquired in-force value of long-term contracts 199 6 205 1,634 566 2,405
Total 199 1,159 1,358 1,650 738 3,746
Intangible assets attributable to PAC with-profits fund:
In respect of acquired venture fund investment subsidiaries 679 679 679
Deferred acquisition costs 35 35 35
Total 714 714 714
Total (notes H1 and H2) 913 1,159 2,072 1,650 738 4,460
Other non-investment and non-cash assets (notes G1 and H3 to H6) 4,457 256 280 4,993 1,888 566 1,059 (2,236) 6,270
Investments of long-term business, banking and other operations (notes G1, H7 and H8) 131,263 1,383 9,747 142,393 37,960 11,264 775 192,392
Held for sale assets (note H9) 728 728 728
Cash and cash equivalents (note H10) 1,195 26 725 1,946 202 504 934 3,586
Total equity and liabilities 138,556 2,824 10,752 152,132 41,700 13,072 2,768 (2,236) 207,436

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UK insurance
operations
(note D2)
£m
M&G
£m
Egg
(note E)
£m
Total UK
operations
£m
US
operations
(note D3)
£m
Asian
operations
(note D4)
£m
Unallocated
to a segment
£m
Intra-group
eliminations
£m
Group
total
£m
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders’ equity (note H11) 1,141 1,398 303 2,842 2,969 1,288 (1,905) 5,194
Minority interests 95 75 170 2 172
Total equity 1,236 1,398 378 3,012 2,971 1,288 (1,905) 5,366
Liabilities
Banking customer accounts (note G1) 5,830 5,830 5,830
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
Insurance contract liabilities (note H12) 79,231 79,231 30,479 10,726 120,436
Investment contract liabilities with discretionary participation features (note G1) 26,443 26,443 80 26,523
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features (note G1) 10,502 10,502 1,502 22 12,026
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of ‘realistic' basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds (notes D2(d)(ii) and H12) 11,245 11,245 85 11,330
Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds 127,421 127,421 31,981 10,913 170,315
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations (note H13):
Subordinated debt (other than Egg) 1,646 1,646
Other 145 948 1,093
145 2,594 2,739
Egg subordinated debt (note H13) 451 451 451
Total 451 451 145 2,594 3,190
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations (notes G1 and H13) 17 2 3,856 3,875 1,085 1,472 6,432
Borrowings attributable to with-profits funds (notes G1 and H13) 1,898 1,898 1,898
Other non-insurance liabilities (notes G1, H4, H9, H14 and H15) 7,984 1,424 237 9,645 5,518 871 607 (2,236) 14,405
Total liabilities 137,320 1,426 10,374 149,120 38,729 11,784 4,673 (2,236) 202,070
Total equity and liabilities 138,556 2,824 10,752 152,132 41,700 13,072 2,768 (2,236) 207,436

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